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Geochemical data from ancient marine sediments are crucial for studying palaeo-environments, palaeo-climates, and elemental cycles. With increased accessibility to geochemical data, many databases have emerged. However, there remains a need for a more comprehensive database that focuses on deep-time marine sediment records. Here, we introduce the Deep-Time Marine Sedimentary Element Database (DM-SED). The DM-SED has been built upon the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project (SGP) database with a new compilation of 34 874 data entries from 433 studies, totalling 63 627 entries. The DM-SED contains 2 522 255 discrete marine sedimentary data points, including major and trace elements and some stable isotopes. It includes 9207 entries from the Precambrian and 54 420 entries from the Phanerozoic, thus providing significant references for reconstructing deep-time Earth system evolution. The data files described in this paper are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14771859 (Lai et al., 2025). 

Nanhsiungchelyidae are a group of large turtles that lived in Asia and North America during the Cretaceous. Here we report a new species of nanhsiungchelyid,Nanhsiungchelys yangisp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. The specimen consists of a well-preserved skull and lower jaw, as well as the anterior parts of the carapace and plastron. The diagnostic features ofNanhsiungchelysinclude a large entire carapace length (∼55.5 cm), a network of sculptures consisting of pits and ridges on the surface of the skull and shell, shallow cheek emargination and temporal emargination, deep nuchal emargination, and a pair of anterolateral processes on the carapace. However,Nanhsiungchelys yangidiffers from the other species ofNanhsiungchelysmainly in having a triangular-shaped snout (in dorsal view) and wide anterolateral processes on the carapace. Additionally, some other characteristics (e.g., the premaxilla is higher than wide, the maxilla is unseen in dorsal views, a small portion of the maxilla extends posterior and ventral of the orbit, and the parietal is bigger than the frontal) are strong evidence to distinguishNanhsiungchelys yangifromNanhsiungchelys wuchingensis. A phylogenetic analysis of nanhsiungchelyids placesNanhsiungchelys yangiandNanhsiungchelys wuchingensisas sister taxa.Nanhsiungchelys yangiand some other nanhsiungchelyids bear distinct anterolateral processes on the carapace, which have not been reported in any extant turtles and may have played a role in protecting the head. The Nanxiong Basin was extremely hot during the Late Cretaceous, and so we suggest that nanhsiungchelyids might have immersed themselves in mud or water to avoid the heat, similar to some extant tortoises. If they were capable of swimming, our computer simulations of fluid flow suggest the anterolateral processes could have reduced drag during locomotion.